Tài liệu chính

• Zosimus, "Historia Nova", Book 6 Historia Nova
• Orosius, Historiae adversum Paganos, 7.40

Tài liệu phụ

• Birley, Anthony R., The Roman Government of Britain, Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-925237-8
• Burns, Thomas Samuel, Barbarians Within the Gates of Rome: A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, Ca. 375-425 A.D., Indiana University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-25-331288-4
• Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-20159-4
• Bury, J. B., A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene, Vol. I (1889)